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　　SectionⅠ Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 1 agreed upon among linguists, this 2 covers four important aspects: system, arbitrary, symbol and vocal. It is a system, 3 linguistic elements are arranged systematically, 4 chaotically. Its being a system ensures a common 5 on which the users can 6 it and understand it. Arbitrary, in the 7 that there is usually without 8 connection between a word (dog, for instance) and the thing referred to by the word “dog”. A 9 from Shakespeare would make a good example: “a rose by any other name would smell as sweet。” That is why there are 10 languages in the world, with so many different sounds and writings, all of which 11 more or less the same meanings. It is symbolic, because words (writings/pictogram) are associated 12 objects, concepts, actions, by nothing more than 13 . In other words, language users 14 the sounds or vocal forms to symbolize 15 they wish to convey. It is vocal, because sound or speech is the primary 16 for all human languages. 17 systems developed much later than the spoken forms. This recognition can be proved by the fact 18 every normal human can 19 in a certain language but not 20 is able to write。

　　1. [A] Presumably [B] Broadly [C] Incidentally [D] Cheerfully

　　2. [A] interference [B] access [C] impact [D] definition

　　3. [A] since [B] if [C] unless [D] while

　　4. [A] other than [B] now that [C] rather than [D] except that

　　5. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] ground [D] reform

　　6. [A] grasp [B] urge [C] oblige　[D] assess

　　7. [A] cost　[B] sense　[C] sight　[D] risk

　　8.　[A] paradoxical　[B] continuous　[C] incompatible　[D] intrinsic

　　9.　[A] maintenance　[B] quotation　[C] existence　[D] survival

　　10.　[A] complex　[B] racial　[C] numerous　[D] prominent

　　11. [A] bind　[B] carry　[C] restrain　[D] sustain

　　12. [A] to　[B] from　[C] by　[D] with

　　13. [A] convention　[B] conviction　[C]conservation　[D] consensus

　　14. [A] substitute　[B] wreck　[C] employ　[D] propel

　　15. [A] when　[B] that　[C] which　[D] what

　　16. [A] version　[B] weapon　[C] contest　[D] medium

　　17.　[A] Recording　[B] Decoding　[C] Writing　[D] Quoting

　　18.　[A] that　[B] whereas　[C] which　[D] once

　　19. [A] speak　[B] talk　[C] say　[D] put

　　20. [A] necessarily　[B] generally　[C] hardly　[D] confusedly

　　参考答案

　　SectionⅠ Use of English(10 points)

　　1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C　5. C　6. A 7. B　8. D　9. B　10. C　11. B　12. D　13. A　14. C　15. D　16. D　17. C　18. A　19. B　20. A

　　全文翻译

　　语言是人类用来交际的任意性的语音符号的体系。这是语言学家们普遍认同的定义。它包含四个重要概念：系统性，任意性，符号性以及语音性。语言是一个体系，因为语言成分是有条理地而不是凌乱地拼凑在一起。因为语言有体系，使用者就有共同处，便于掌握和理解。说语言是任意性的，意思是，某个词(如“狗”)与它所指的物体之间通常没有本质的内在的固有的联系。援引莎氏的一句名言很能说明，“一朵玫瑰不管它叫什么名字，闻起来都是一样香。”所以，世界上有如此众多不同的语音和书面文图，其含义都略同或相同。说语言是符号，因为词语跟客观世界的物体，行动，想法等的联系是约定俗成的。换言之，人们用一定的音和语言形式去象征地表达和交流事物。语言是有声的，是因为语音或口头对于全人类的语言都是第一性的，文字是第二性的。这种观点可从下列事实得到证明：所有正常人都能讲一种语言，但并不一定能写它。